Chlorophyll catabolites in the frass of the Small Tortoiseshell caterpillars (Aglais urticae L.)

Herbivorous insects excrete most of the consumed chlorophyll as partly degraded derivatives lacking the phytol side chain and the central magnesium ion. To study common degradation patterns of chlorophyll in plant-feeding insects, the frass of the Lepidopteran caterpillar, Aglais urticae was analysed for chlorophyll catabolites. The major metabolites were determined as pheohorbide a and pyropheophorbide a by using LC-MS, LC-SPE-NMR and UV. These compounds are not present in fresh leaves of the food plants (Urtica dioica). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v14i0.198 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p46-5

HBsAg Inhibits the Translocation of JTB into Mitochondria in HepG2 Cells and Potentially Plays a Role in HCC Progression

Background and Aims: The expression of the jumping translocation breakpoint (JTB) gene is upregulated in malignant liver tissues; however, JTB is associated with unbalanced translocations in many other types of cancer that suppress JTB expression. No comprehensive analysis on its function in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been performed to date. We aimed to define the biological consequences for interaction between JTB and HBsAg in HCC cell lines. Methods: We employed the stable transfection to establish small HBsAg expressing HepG2 cell line, and stably silenced the JTB expression using short hairpin RNA in HepG2 cell line. The effects of JTB and small HBsAg in vitro were determined by assessing cell apoptosis and motility. Results: Silencing of JTB expression promoted cancer cell motility and reduced cell apoptosis, which was significantly enhanced by HBs expression. Expression of HBsAg inhibited the translocation of JTB to the mitochondria. Furthermore, silencing of the JTB resulted in an increase in the phosphorylation of p65 in HepG2 cells and HepG2-HBs cells, whereas HBsAg expression decreased the phosphorylation of p65. The silencing of JTB in HepG2-HBs cells conferred increased advantages in cell motility and anti-apoptosis. Conclusion: HBsAg inhibited the translocation of JTB to the mitochondria and decreased the phosphorylation of p65 through the interaction with JTB, After JTB knockdown, HBsAg exhibited a stronger potential to promote tumor progression. Our data suggested that JTB act as a tumor suppressor gene in regards to HBV infection and its activation might be applied as a therapeutic strategy for in control of HBV related HCC development.National Natural Science Foundation of China [30971362, 81072013]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China [2010111082]; Key Projects for Technology Plan of Fujian Province in China [2009D020]; Foundation of Health Bureau of Fujian in China [2007CXB8, 3502z20077046]; Foundation of Health Bureau of Xiamen in China [2007CXB8, 3502z20077046

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМА ГЕНОВ ИНТЕРФЕРОНА III ТИПА У БОЛЬНЫХ ВИРУСНЫМ ГЕПАТИТОМ С НА СОПРЕДЕЛЬНЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЯХ РОССИИ И МОНГОЛИИ

Aims: determine the structure of IFNL3/IFNL4 interferon genes’ polymorphism in healthy people and in HCV patients and the frequency of spontaneous viral clearance in ethnic groups of Caucasians and Mongolians, living in the Asian part of Russia (Irkutsk Region) and in Mongolia. Materials and methods: population genetic studies were conducted at 669 patients with hepatitis C, including 567 representatives Caucasian and 102 Mongoloid races. The control group consisted of 1520 healthy individuals, blood donors (800 Caucasians and 720 Mongoloids). Results: it was found that in Caucasians patients with chronic hepatitis C were significantly less common CC genotype rs12979860, TT genotype rs8099917 and TT/TT genotype rs368234815, than in the general population. However, in patients with chronic hepatitis C, the representatives of the Mongoloid race, compared with healthy individuals, significant differences were found only in relation to the TT genotype rs8099917 IFNL3 gene. Spontaneous clearance of the virus was significantly more common in the Mongoloid race than in Caucasians. Conclusions: the spontaneous viral clearance after clinical evidence or latent suffering hepatitis C was significantly more common in the Mongoloid race than in Caucasians that genetically determined high rate of prevalence in the population of the Mongols CC genotype rs12979860, TT genotype rs8099917 and TT/TT genotype rs368234815 polymorphisms of interferon type III genes.Цель исследования: определить структуру полиморфизма генов интерферона IFNL3/IFNL4 у здоровых лиц и больных вирусным гепатитом С и частоту спонтанного клиренса вируса в этнических группах европеоидов и монголоидов, проживающих в азиатской части России (Иркутская область) и Монголии. Материалы и методы: популяционно-генетические исследования проводились у 669 больных хроническим гепатитом С, в том числе у 567 представителей европеоидной и 102 монголоидной рас. Контрольную группу составили 1520 практически здоровых лиц, доноров крови (800 европеоидов и 720 монголоидов). Результаты: обнаружено, что у больных хроническим гепатитом С, представителей европеоидной расы, значимо реже встречались СС-генотип rs12979860, ТТгенотип rs8099917 и ТТ/ТТ-генотип rs368234815, чем в общей популяции здоровых лиц. Вместе с тем, у больных хроническим гепатитом С, представителей монголоидной расы, по сравнению со здоровыми лицами, значимые отличия обнаружены только в отношении ТТ-генотипа rs8099917 гена IFNL3. Спонтанный клиренс вируса значимо чаще (в 1,6 раза) встречался у представителей монголоидной расы, чем у европеоидов. Заключение: спонтанный клиренс вируса после клинически выраженного или латентно перенесенного гепатита С значимо чаще встречается у представителей монголоидной расы, чем у европеоидов, что генетически детерминировано высокой частотой распространенности в популяции монголов СС-генотипа rs12979860, ТТ-генотипа rs8099917 и ТТ/ТТ-генотипа rs368234815 полиморфизмов генов интерферонов III типа

Pvrrolizidine Alkaloid Containina Plants Used in Mongolian Traditional Medicine: Lappula Myosotis Moench.

Lappula myosotis Moench. (Boraginaceae) is a plant growing wide-spread in the Mongolian Aimags Khubsgul, Khangai, Khentei, Mongol dahurica, Altai and Alasha Gobi [1]. From this plant four pyrrolizidine alkloids were isolated and their structures determined using spectroscopical methods: lycopsamine, intermedine and their acetylderivatives. This plant is used in the Mongolian traditional medicine externally but on account of its high level of alkaloids (~ 0.2%) the usage of L. myosotis may be hazardous for humans

PECULIARITIES OF THE III TYPE INTERFERON GENES’ POLYMORPHISM IN HCV PATIENTS ON THE CROSS-BORDER REGIONS OF RUSSIA AND MONGOLIA

Aims: determine the structure of IFNL3/IFNL4 interferon genes’ polymorphism in healthy people and in HCV patients and the frequency of spontaneous viral clearance in ethnic groups of Caucasians and Mongolians, living in the Asian part of Russia (Irkutsk Region) and in Mongolia. Materials and methods: population genetic studies were conducted at 669 patients with hepatitis C, including 567 representatives Caucasian and 102 Mongoloid races. The control group consisted of 1520 healthy individuals, blood donors (800 Caucasians and 720 Mongoloids). Results: it was found that in Caucasians patients with chronic hepatitis C were significantly less common CC genotype rs12979860, TT genotype rs8099917 and TT/TT genotype rs368234815, than in the general population. However, in patients with chronic hepatitis C, the representatives of the Mongoloid race, compared with healthy individuals, significant differences were found only in relation to the TT genotype rs8099917 IFNL3 gene. Spontaneous clearance of the virus was significantly more common in the Mongoloid race than in Caucasians. Conclusions: the spontaneous viral clearance after clinical evidence or latent suffering hepatitis C was significantly more common in the Mongoloid race than in Caucasians that genetically determined high rate of prevalence in the population of the Mongols CC genotype rs12979860, TT genotype rs8099917 and TT/TT genotype rs368234815 polymorphisms of interferon type III genes

Comparison of vaccination schedules for foot-and-mouth disease among cattle and sheep in Mongolia

Vaccines are a critical tool for the control strategy for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Mongolia where sporadic outbreaks regularly occur. A two-dose primary vaccination course is recommended for most commercial vaccines though this can be logistically challenging to deliver among nomadic pastoralist systems which predominate in the country. Although there is evidence that very high potency vaccines can provide prolonged duration of immunity, this has not been demonstrated under field conditions using commercially available vaccines. This study compared neutralizing titres to a O/ME-SA/Panasia strain over a 6-month period following either a two-dose primary course or a single double-dose vaccination among Mongolian sheep and cattle using a 6.0 PD50 vaccine. Titers were not significantly different between groups except in sheep at six-months post vaccination when the single double-dose group had significantly lower titers. These results indicate the single double-dose regimen may be a cost-effective approach for vaccination campaigns supporting FMD control in Mongolia

Results of Epizootiological Survey along the Border Areas of Kharkhira-Turgensky Natural Plague Focus between Russia and Mongolia in 2019

Objective of the study was to assess the current epizootic settings along the border part of KharkhiraTurgensky natural plague focus betweenRussia andMongolia.Materials and methods. Epizootiological survey covered 2715.5 km2. 213 samples of field material were tested (90 specimens of mammals, 102 specimens of ectoparasites, 17 samples of leftover food of predatory birds and dry skeletal remnants of marmots, 4 regurgitates of birds of prey). Laboratory works were carried out in “Microbiological laboratory for express diagnostics” mounted on the platform of the minibus “GAZelle”. Tests of field material were performed using immune-chromatographic (IC) assay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR and IC positive samples were further investigated applying bacteriological method. Epizootiological surveyed deployed GIS instruments. All the results obtained were plotted on the electronic maps using QGIS 2.18.26 software.Results and discussion. Capsular antigen (F1) of Yersinia pestis was detected in three (1.4 %) studied samples (n=213), DNA of plague microbe – in eight samples (3.7 %). Bacteriological investigation of positive samples revealed one sample (leftover food of predatory birds – Mongolian marmot) from which plague agent culture was isolated. The culture belonged to Y. pestis of the main subspecies. Geographical positioning of the epizootiological survey sites was conducted, as well as positive findings of immunological and molecular-genetic assays. Results of epizootiological survey are indicative of active phase of plague agent circulation (main subspecies) in Kharkhira-Turgensky natural focus in Mongolia